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密码学的圣杯

Kyle Samani
2024年3月7日 | 4 minute read

从某种意义上说,在过去30年里,每个服务器端安全漏洞或漏洞利用都有同一根源:某些敏感数据未加密(或攻击者获得了解密密钥)。

当在这个框架中呈现时,解决方案一目了然:不对数据进行解密,并确保不在任何服务器上存储解密密钥。

提出的解决方案的唯一问题是无法实现。直到现在。

今天,我很高兴地宣布,Multicoin Capital已与Protocol Labs共同领投了对Zama7300万美元投资。参与本轮投资的还有Metaplanet、Blockchange、VSquared、Stake Capital和Portal Ventures,以及其他几位战略创始人,包括Juan Benet(Filecoin)、Gavin Wood(以太坊)、Anatoly Yakovenko(Solana)、Julien Bouteloup(StakeDAO)和 Tarun Chitra(Gauntlet)。

Zama是全同态加密(FHE)领域的全球领导者。顾名思义,FHE可以对加密数据进行任意计算。几十年来,FHE一直是学术界的一个概念,但由于计算量太大而无法发挥作用。Zama团队——30 多位博士和许多世界顶级密码学专家组成——在过去四年中率先取得了数十项突破,他们的TFHE-rs和Concrete libraries如今已可用于某些工作负载的生产,首先是区块链。在接下来的几年里,我们预计数学、软件和硬件加速(如ASIC)的改进将使性能再提高1000倍,这将使启用FHE的计算与明文计算相媲美。

不久,所有web2应用程序,包括数据库应用程序甚至LLM,都将启用FHE。

FHE将改变计算的结构。

隐私区块链

即使交易量相当有限,区块链也能产生大量的金融价值。正因为如此,鉴于FHE目前的局限性,它们是Zama的初始中心点。鉴于此,Multicoin和 Protocol Labs自然会帮助Zama将其技术推向市场。我们一直在与Zama团队密切合作,因为他们是链上FHE的开拓者。

解决链上隐私问题的方法有很多种。对于单纯支付,零知识证明(ZKPs)已被证明是足够的。然而,对于任何涉及共享状态的交易—根据其定义包括所有DeFi—ZKPs都是不足的,且极难实现。FHE 的妙处在于它允许开发人员在FHE环境中重复使用相同的逻辑,如同在透明环境中一样。

如今,有三个团队已宣布使用Zama的技术构建支持FHE的区块链,包括Fhenix(我们是其投资者ain FHE)、IncoIShibaShib。所有这些都将在今年推出。

Zama为希望在EVM之上利用FHE的开发人员提供了一个现成的 fhEVM。我预计Zama很快就能支持EVM之外的更多的区块链虚拟机。

Onchain FHE具有多种功能,包括但不限于:

  • 隐私保护DeFi
  • 信任投票
  • 隐私保护DataDAO
  • Onchain盲拍
  • Onchain游戏
  • 一种新的桥接方式(将FHE的B链私钥存储在A链上,反之亦然)

现在还为时尚早。我们迫不及待地想看看开发人员使用FHE构建的系统。

HTTPZ:默认情况下隐私

5-10年后,当我们回顾早期云时代(2005 - 2025 年)经常发生的数据泄露事件时,一定会感到惊恐万分。用户数据被解密似乎是件不可思议的事。

几年前,Zama团队提出了HTTPS后继者的设想,他们称之为HTTPZ(videowritten)。HTTPZ是互联网加密的必然结果:用户在本地使用自己的密钥对数据进行加密,然后将加密数据发送到服务器,服务器就可以对这些数据进行计算。在 HTTP配置下,可以假设服务器在任何时候都会被攻破。如果所有用户数据都使用用户存储在自己设备上的密钥进行加密,那么攻击者是否能访问服务器就无关紧要了。

HTTPZ代表了对互联网加密未来的最强愿景。鉴于密码学在过去30年中的稳步发展,我们相信这一未来是必然的。这只是一个时间问题。

我们非常高兴能够支持RandPascal 和整个Zama团队,因为他们在互联网上开创高级密码学的未来。

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