今天,我非常高兴地宣布Multicin Capital领投,对Swivel Finance完成了一轮115万美元的种子期融资,Swivel是一个支持固定利率贷款和利率衍生品的新型去中心化协议。
此外,Electric Capital、CMS Holdings、Divergence Ventures、DeFiance Capital等机构以及Ash Egan、Aave的Stani Kulechov、Alex Pack、Imran Khan、Qiao Wang、Thomas Klocanas等多位天使投资也参与了本次投资。
Swivel是DeFi发展过程的下一个重要阶段,它能让加密货币更加稳定、人人可用,并且对全球几百万用户具有经济吸引力。
基于贷款而展开
交易和借贷是DeFi的两个基本要素。根据相关数据,DeFi贷款占CeFi的11%,DeFi交易额仅为CeFi的15%。
包括Compound、Cream和Aave在内的多个货币市场协议是借贷的主要场所。这些协议以无需许可、去中心化的方式提供简单的借入/贷款功能;然而,成就它们的也正是它们最大的缺点:可变利率。
目前,如果Alice将她的代币存入Compound,随着其他用户从协议中借款,她所获得的利率会随着时间推移而变化。在存款当天,她的收益可能是5%,但第二天可能就变成了10%或1%。而如果收益率降到1%的话,她可能会从协议中取出代币,在其他地方寻求更高的收益率。这个痛点导致了收益聚合器的兴起(例如Yearn.Finance、Idle.Finance和APY.Finance),它们会自动在市场上转移和再平衡存款人的代币,从而实现收益最大化。
虽然对寻求最大可变利率的市场参与者来说,收益聚合器的出现恰到好处,但它们还没有解决另外一大部分市场:用户对降低风险和增加确定性的期望,例如缺乏一个固定利率。
利率衍生品是世界上流动性最强的金融产品: 其日均交易额超过6.5万亿美元。Swivel有的放矢,将固定利率的概念同加密技术结合起来。它支持固定利率贷款和利率交易(即利率互换),能够以10-100倍的隐含杠杆率做多利率。
虽然技术上是能够通过拼凑零息债券来获得固定利率(我们将在下文讨论该问题),但Swivel对整个交易流程进行了简化,提高了资本效率,并利用了大量不断增长的流动性池。它还引入了我们至今见过的最简单、最低gas费用、最省时的流程,还将智能合约降低到可信和经过测试的要素,从根本上降低智能合约的风险。
Swivel交易流程
让我们来看一下Swivel交易所(一个建立在Swivel协议上的订单薄交易所)的一笔交易。Swivel上的订单在中心化限额订单簿上进行撮合的,并且它只需要100%同类抵押品(而不是DeFi中常见的抵押率要>100%)。
假设Alice有1000美元的USDC,她想以5%的固定利率借出1年。Bob有50美元的USDC,他想做多Compound的USDC利率(目前为8%)。
具体操作中,Alice和Bob都将资金(Alice的1000美元和Bob的50美元)存入Swive,然后集中到Swivel的智能合约,直到期限结束。在合约有效期内,这笔资金会被存入Compound中。
假如为期12个月的合约利率保持在8%的平均水平,Bob将收回84美元:投资50美元,获得68%的回报。由于Swivel独特的金融结构,Bob对利率敞口加了杠杆,提高了资本效率和流动性。普通情况下,Bob以8%的利率在Compound中借出50美元,获得4美元的收益,通过Swivel,他的收益将是34美元,提高了8.5倍。同时, 无论Compound的可变利率如何变化,Alice都能够收回1050美元。
值得注意的是,Swivel的三个主要设计特点是:1)不依赖价格预言机,2)用户资产不会被清算,3)Swivel利用了Compound和Aave的流动性。
而从头到尾,整个过程只需要两个步骤。
固定速率协议的红海
DeFi中最常见的固定利率产品是零息债券(ZCB)模型。Yield、Notional、UMA以及Mainframe都在开发该模型的各种变体。
在ZCB结构中,借款人铸造在未来的某个特定日期可赎回的合成债券(通常面值为1美元),然后打折出售这些债券。因此,贷款人是债券的买方,借款人则是债券的发行者和卖方。抵押品和清算过程由ZCB协议进行管理。这些ZCB协议依赖于外部预言机,如果抵押品价值下降,借款人的资产将面临清算风险。
另一方面,Swivel上的贷款人将其资本和头寸直接存放在他们选择的可信货币市场协议中,这样消除了ZCB协议引入的额外智能合约风险。
此外,不用像Yield、Notional、UMA和Mainframe那样超额质押,Swivel投机者能够比ZCB获得更高的交易杠杆。具体来说,ZCB协议的杠杆率限制在0.5-0.75倍,而Swivel的杠杆能够高达10-100倍。考虑到Swift的可用杠杆,我们预计它将成为利率投机者流动性最强的场所。
坦白地说,我们对这整个领域感到非常激动,认为Swive的模型和零息债券模型都会获得成功。与ZCB 协议相比,Swivel为利率投机者提供了更高的杠杆,但Swivel不提供固定利率借款,因此我们对ZCB模型也很感兴趣,因为Swivel和ZCB协议的适用领域不同:Swive适用于利率投机和固定利率借贷,而ZCB协议则更加适应固定利率借款。
下一个DeFi起点
自2017年的ICO热潮以来,许多市场参与者离开了,然后再也没有回来。我们一直在思考带来下一波新用户的潜在催化剂。
在利率接近历史低点的环境下,我们有理由认为下一波加密用户将会是那些只想“赚取10%收益”的用户。一些加密消费者应用正在为此开发前端服务(如Outlet、Linus、Dharma、BlockFi、Celsius等),它们目前的流动性来源于(1)中心化的流动性池,以及(2)Compound和Aave。Swivel使用灵活的、全球化、全天候、无需许可的DeFi设施为用户提供固定费率。
Swivel同时创造了一个新的机会。目前,加密市场还没有一种方式能够推测DeFi利率。Swivel解决了该问题,为投机者提供了许多隐含的杠杆。而这些杠杆有助于引导该新兴市场,Swivel将会催化加密利率衍生品的发展。
虽然Swive协议首先从固定浮动合约(如上述Swivel交易章节)入手,但我们预期它将继续增加新的利率衍生品(如floating-floating合约、永续合约、利率底等)。
正如我们花了很长时间思考DeFi合成资产基础设施那样,我们在过去一年一直在关注DeFi领域的固定利率。今年早期,当第一次结识Swivel的创始人Julian时,我们马上意识到Swivel结构的优雅之处。目睹Swivel在DeFi领域为利率衍生品建立一个全新的市场,我们对能够提供支持感到非常激动。
注: 如果您想参与打造DeFi利率衍生品的未来,Swivel正在招聘!
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